Your business on the internet might face unprecedented hypergrowth, which your existing application infrastructure is not capable of handling. This can happen in response to various factors, such as an advertisement about your product that results in more than expected interest or a sudden shift in customer buying patterns from in-person to online.
To address these unexpected loads, you have to hyperscale your infrastructure. Scaling the application tier entails adding more servers or pods. But the most difficult piece in achieving hyperscaling is the database. You can scale your database instance to the largest available instance size, but that might not solve your problem.